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What are bone grafts? Bone grafts are the materials used for replacement or augmentation of the bone. ·          Enhances regenerative capacity of bone ·          Achieve new attachment apparatus Biologic concept of using bone graft: 1.       Osteoconduction 2.       Osteoinduction 3.       Osteogenesis OSTEOCONDUCTION (Trelli’s effect): “ Physical effect” by which the matrix of the graft forms a scaffold that favors outside cells to penetrate the graft and form new bone . E.g: Alloplast, FDBA OSTEOINDUCTION: Chemical process by which molecules contained in the graft (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins) convert the neighboring cells into osteoblasts, which in turn form bone . E.g: DFDBA OSTEOGENESIS: Osteoblasts in the transplanted bone    having adequate blood supply & cellular viability forms new     centers of ossification within the graft. E.g: Autogenous graft   INDICATIONS FOR GRAFTS 1.       Deep Intraosseous Defects 2.       Tooth Retent

  INTRODUCTION   D ental implants have become a critical necessity for replacement of lost natural teeth in modern times. Although implants are considered to be a predictable treatment option, peri‑implant diseases do occur, posing significant challenges for both – the clinician and patient.Implant success is only defined as a short‑term effect that is, whether the implant has osseointegrated or not and whether it is able to support a restoration following its placement. There are no proper guidelines that define implant success or maintenance over a long‑term, except for implant survival. In the last decades increasing evidence raised on the presence of peri-implant inflammations representing one of the most frequent complications affecting both the surrounding soft and hard tissues which can lead to the loss of the implant.   The term “peri‑implantitis” was introduced to describe an inflammatory process caused by microorganisms affecting the supporting tissues around an osse