CLASSIFICATION OF ALVEOLAR BONE DEFECTS


Goldman & Cohen (1958) classified angular defects as:

 Depending on number of walls present –

Three osseous walls:

·        Proximal, buccal and lingual walls

·        Buccal, mesial and distal wall

·         Lingual, mesial and distal walls



Two osseous walls:

·        Buccal and lingual walls (crater)

·        Buccal and proximal wall

·        Lingual and proximal walls

One osseous wall:

·        Proximal wall (hemiseptum)

·        Buccal wall

·         Lingual wall

Combination:

·        Three walls plus two walls

·        Three walls plus two walls plus one wall

Glickman(1964) :

1)    Vertical or angular defects

2)    Osseous craters

3)    Bulbous bone contours

4)    Reverse architecture

 5)    Ledges

6)    Furcation involvement

Karn et al (1983) :

1.     Horizontal bone loss

2.     Crater

3.     Trench

4.     Moat

5.     Ramp

6.     Cratered ramp

7.      Ramp into a crater or trench

Prichards classification (1985):

• Interproximal craters

• Inconsistent margins

• Hemisepta

• Furcation involvement

• Intrabony defects

• Combination of these defects

Panos & Toneiti (2000) classified osseous defects as

·        Suprabony defects Infrabony defects

·         Craters

·         Intrabony defects

ü 1 walled

ü 2 walled

ü  3 walled

·        Combination
        
                                                                                  DR. ANJUSHA SHARDA 



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

PERIODONTAL SPLINTING

Image
WHAT IS SPLINTING? SPLINTING IN DENTISTRY IS “the joining of 2 or more teeth into a rigid unit by means of fixed or removable restorations or devices.” Dental splint: An appliance designed to immobilize and stabilize mobile loose teeth. (AAP1986 Glossary) RATIONALE FOR SPLINTING 1. To provide rest. 2. Redirects the force in a more axial direction.   3. Redistribution of force so that forces do not exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium. 4. To preserve the arch integrity 5. Restores a functional occlusion, stabilizes mobile abutment teeth and increases masticatory efficiency. 6. Gives the patient freedom from mobile teeth 7. To stabilize mobile teeth during surgical, especially regenerative therapy. IDEAL REQUIREMENTS OF A SPLINT   1. Simple.   2. Economic   3. Stable and efficient 4. Esthetically acceptable   5. It should incorporate as many firm teeth as is necessary to reduce the extra load on individual teeth to a
Read more

GINGIVAL DEPIGMENTATION TECHNIQUES

Image
  The gingiva is an important intraoral tissue which when affected particularly by pigmentation is mainly responsible for the unpleasant appearance. The gingival melanin pigmentation occurs in all races in variable amount caused by melanin granules. Gingival hyperpigmentation can be defined as a darker gingival color beyond what is normally expected. The degree of pigmentation varies from person to person. Excessive gingival pigmentation may be a major esthetic concern for many patients. VARIOUS DEPIGMENTATION TECHNIQUES: 1.      Chemical method: by using agents like alcohols, phenols, and ascorbic acid. 2.      Surgical method: it includes 5 techniques i.e.: ·         Conventional techniques : gingival abrasion, split thickness epithelial excision, scalpel surgical technique, free gingival grafting ·         Electrosurgery ·         Lasers ·         Cryosurgery ·         Radiosurgery   ASCORBIC ACID: ·         It inhibits the denuding of pigmented gingival epith
Read more

DENTAL ABSCESS

Image
A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus as a result of a bacterial infection associated with the tooth. Types of dental abscess: 1.       Periapical abscess: Localized collection of the pus at the tip of the root. Usually occurs as a result of untreated dental caries that further approaches the pulp and lead to inflammation of pulp due to bacterial invasion. 2.       Gingival abscess: Localized collection of the pus involving only gum tissue. The abscess is due to the external damage to the gum tissue either due to food lodgement or digging the area with a toothpick. 3.       Periodontal abscess:   Localized collection of the pus involving bone adjacent to the tooth. occurs as a complication of advanced periodontal disease . It occurs when bacteria invade and multiply within the soft tissue of the gingival crevice/periodontal pocket. 4.       Pericoronal abscess: Localized abscess involving the gum tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or full
Read more