CAD / CAM IN DENTISTRY




INTRODUCTION:

CAD/CAM dentistry is a field of dentistry and prosthodontics using CAD/CAM to improve the design and creation of dental restorations. The CAD in this technology stands for “Computer Assisted Design” and the CAM for “Computer Assisted Manufacture”.

This technology first adopted to automotive industry and used to design automobile bodies, but now it is spread to the other areas of the industry and one of the major areas is dentistry.

CAD/ CAM technology was introduced in dentistry in the early 1980s. Since then it is useful for dentists and for laboratories in produced milled ceramic crows, onlays, inlays, veneers, and bridges. This technology finds application in fabricating dental implant abutments, which are meant to replace missing tooth/teeth.

Uses of CAD/CAM in Dentistry

• It permits the dental restoration fabrication that includes inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges.

 • It has also been used to make prosthetic, orthodontic appliances.

 • It uses computerized engineering to give an incredibly precise and realistic finish to a product which would be very difficult to manufacture.

 • CAD/CAM dental technology allows dentist to take perfect measurements and images and design the product to be manufactured in short span of time.





CAD/ CAM SYSTEMS:

1.     In office system:  It is most widely and commercially used in cerec system. This system scans the tooth preparation intraorally and the dentist fabricates the restorations and seats it within the single appointment.

2.     Dental laboratory system: In dental labs, the system scans the stone cast or die of the prepared tooth. This system requires the dental technician to add esthetic porcelain for individualization and characterization of the restoration.

3.     Out sourcing dental lab work using networks: Technologies that uses CAD/CAM with network machining center that is outsourcing the framework fabrication using an internet is introduced.



VARIOUS CAD/ CAM SYSTEMS:

1.     CEREC SYSTEM ( Chair side Economical Restoration for Esthetic Ceramics): CEREC was first introduced in 1980 as CEREC 1. The CEREC 2 and 3 units were developed in 1994 and 2000 respectively.



2.     CELAY SYSTEM : It is a variation on the direct-indirect restoration concept but without a need for a laboratory technician. An inlay or onlay preparation is made for the compromised tooth, but, instead of a conventional impression, a direct process is used.





3.     CERCON SYSTEM: It is referred as a CAM system, it does not have a CAD component. The system scans the wax pattern and mills a  zirconia bridge coping from reinterred zirconia blanks.



4.     CICERO SYSTEM (Computer Integrated Crown Restoration): It was introduced in 1999. The aim is to produce ceramic restoration at one integrated site. It include optical scanning, metal and ceramic centering and computer assisted milling to obtain restoration.





5.     LAVA CAD/CAM SYSTEM: Introduced in 2002, used for fabrication of zirconia framework for all ceramic restorations. This system automatically finds the margin and suggests a pontic.



6.     PROCERA  ALLCERAM  SYSTEM





Features of CAD/CAM Dental Equipment:

• CAD/CAM dental equipment helps to save images on the computer for permanent treatment records.

• It acts as educative platform to explain the problem to their patient in clear manner.

• Can easily diagnose the exact problem of the patient.

• This CAD/CAM software also helpful to keep a track of records from the first day of treatment.

• Can collect all the required information of the patient with a single click on the computer.

• Patients can get printed images of the problem.

 • It is useful to probe the hidden problems of your mouth with ease in minimum time frame.



ADVANTAGES:

·        Modern CAD/CAM restoration last longer and are more facture resistant.

·        It is less time consuming. You can get it done the same day.

·        There is no need of traditional impression.

·        If it is done in the dentist’s office, no temporary restoration or traditional impression is required. No need of second appointment.

·        Helps the technician to mill high strength materials which provides strength aesthetics

DISADVANTAGES:

·        CAD/CAM requires a large initial outlay (expensive to buy) and occlusal detail isn't always the best and has to be amended by hand.

·        CAD/CAM treatments may have some aesthetic drawbacks, whether they are created at the dental practice or outsourced to a dental laboratory fabricating service.
      
                                                                                 DR. ANJUSHA SHARDA



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